Did I Miss Anything?

One of the challenges and pleasures of writing a biography of a person about whom so much has already been written by so many other people is this: did I miss anything? You don’t want to be the proud author of a new biography of, say, Shakespeare for example, and when the thing is published you settle back in your favourite chair with a fresh copy from the publisher and realize you forgot to mention Hamlet.

That’s not to say of course that any biography of anyone could or even should include everything in the subject’s life. That would be not only impossible, but would probably end up being unreadable if it were.

On Friday, March 26, 2021, Wayne got up on the left side of his queen-sized bed, and then sat on the edge of the mattress for about one or two seconds before taking his BlackBerry KEY2 cellphone with its relatively new leather case made by StilGut and walking to his ensuite bathroom. He turned on the ventilating fan and the dimmer of the two lights, and laid the phone down on the counter. He always liked to have the phone nearby in case there was a call about a delivery – the directory buzzer in his west-end Ottawa condo building was set up to ring his phone if anyone buzzed him at the door – or of course any other call: from his 82-year-old mother or 44-year-old brother; from one of his close friends in Ottawa, Burnaby, Guelph, or Kingston; or any other call that was not expected but which it would be good to take now and not see it go to voicemail. After his micturition …

You see what I mean.

Writing a biography does require you to be organized though. You can’t have bits and pieces, anecdotes and tidbits, all over the place and expect to marshall the whole mess into a book that someone would want to read. As a practical matter for my own book, I have felt that I wanted a straight-up chronology or timeline of Sam’s life. There are two main purposes. First is that I want a quick and authoritative source that I can consult when I want to write about or confirm an incident or fact that I am working on. What was the exact date when he signed the contract to write the dictionary? When did he first meet Hester Thrale? That sort of thing.

The second purpose is that I want a list (or two) that I can consult when I am at the later stages of the writing of the book, so that I can double-check facts of any kind. I don’t want my work to be marred by very avoidable errors that would not only hurt me to see in the end product, but would contribute to the biography not being considered authoritative.

Fortunately for anyone writing about Sam, there’s a book called A Dr Johnson Chronology by Norman Page, published by Macmillan in 1990. It is simple and compact, progressing from year to year, and giving the main germane facts for each year. Here’s the full entry for 1757:

(courtesy of access to the Hathi Trust copy through Carleton University)

I also have a double-double-check (or is it a triple-check?) which I commissioned myself. I contracted with a freelance editor to go through the three scholarly biographies of Sam that were published in 2008 and 2009 (by Peter Martin, Jeffrey Meyers, and David Nokes) and to produce a list for me of anything mentioned that had a month & year, or a day & month & year, associated with it. That resulted in a 51-page Word document which does similarly as the above Chronology does:

Again, very useful, and also with the possible advantage that perhaps there were a few things that scholars didn’t know in 1990 that they had found out by 2008. Another way to keep myself organized.

Customer Service and Sam

The concept and practice of customer service existed in 18th-century London, but the term itself wasn’t used until 1922, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, which quotes the automotive section of the Washington Post for April 16:

Joseph N. (‘Joe’) Thompson, in the accessory business, as well as distributor for Mason tires, a great stickler for customer service.

I love the name here in both quotes and parentheses. My interpretation is that he supplies his full name, with initial – Joseph N. Thompson – to give a kind of formal respectability to the business of selling tires, but once you arrive at the store he insists, “Oh, please, please. Call me Joe.” Beautiful.

Stores in the 18th century operated in some ways just as they do now:

They offered discounts for cash rather than credit purchases, delivered goods free of charge within certain areas … shopped and arranged shipping for customers in distant parts of Britain, and sent circulars to customers, alerting them to special items for sale.

Kirstin Olsen, Daily Life in 18th-Century England (Westport, CT and London: Greenwood Press, 1999), p. 195.

Email and online chat didn’t exist neither as practices nor terms, but without them this week my own experiences with customer service would likely have been been poor or taken a long time. (Send a letter? Get on my horse and ride to head office?) I got my web-hosting woes resolved through email and online chats with close to a dozen “technical support representatives” and “support agents,” all pretty efficient and friendly actually.

The real hoot and pleasure, though, were the customer service provided by a company in Europe from which I’d bought a product that wasn’t working the way I expected it to. I emailed to ask about it and was told that unlike the previous versions I had bought, the newer version lacked the function I was used to. That was fine, and really a minor thing, a “first world problem” as I told the agent. However, it turned out she knew a bit about language, too – and not only that, knew about Sam Johnson! Part of her reply was:

Meanwhile, I have seen that you are a follower of the excellent Dr Johnson. We owe him much in regards of the English language. I have read it, but don’t dare keep a copy of Mr Boswell’s Life of Samuel Johnson in the house for fear of my cats coming across the reference to Dr Johnson buying oysters for Hodge. Oysters are more expensive these days.

This is a pretty literate and witty customer service agent! The anecdote she’s referring to is one that Boswell recounts:

I never shall forget the indulgence with which he treated Hodge, his cat: for whom he himself used to go out and buy oysters, lest the servants having that trouble should take a dislike to the poor creature.

James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, ed. David Womersley (London: Penguin Classics, 2008), p. 934.

We exchanged a couple of more emails and I did ask permission to quote her anonymously and not mention what company she works for. A lovely reply to that, too:

Quote away, but please let me know what you will be saying, and don’t drag me into anything untoward. My cats would never approve.

Consider my mind to be blown. 🤯

Caricatures or stereotypes or false assumptions are things that anyone writing a biography (or talking to customer support) should be aware and wary of. This is not a scientific analysis, but perhaps two of the words that you hear most about Sam – frankly, from those who know his life and work and from those who don’t – are curmudgeon and argumentative. For sure, he could be cranky and dismissive, and sometimes he could be categorical either person to person, or during one of the many debates he had at the pubs where he attended “clubs.” Sometimes, as in the case of the Scottish poet James MacPherson, who had claimed to discover a 3rd-century epic poem and was translating it – sometimes Sam’s vehemence was much deserved:

I received your foolish and impudent letter. Any violence offered me I shall do my best to repel; and what I cannot do for myself, the law shall do for me. I hope I shall never be deterred from detecting what I think a cheat, by the menaces of a ruffian. What would you have me retract? I thought your book an imposture; I think it an imposture still. For this opinion I have given my reasons to the publick, which I here dare you to refute. Your rage I defy. Your abilities, since your Homer, are not so formidable; and what I hear of your morals, inclines me to pay regard not to what you shall say, but to what you shall prove.

Boswell, pp. 483-484.

Ouch.

But Sam was a gentle and generous man as well. He gave to the poor, and invited into his home, often for very lengthy stays, many destitute and otherwise disadvantaged people who would have lived a much worse life without his empathy raining down on them. A cat deserves oysters now and then, and a street beggar more often than not deserves whatever you can spare. These were clear lessons that Sam had learned during the course of his own messy life.

The Choice of Life

This is the first of my effort to increase the frequency of this blog from a couple of times a month to weekly, usually and hopefully on Fridays. After it occurred to me to do this in an email exchange with my friend Oscar last week, I later thought of two very different authors: Jean-Paul Sartre and Stephen King. Apart from his philosophy, Sartre also wrote plays and novels and other genres, but the only one of this novels that I find readable – the other ones are literature relegated to messages about existentialism – is one with the charming title of Nausea. There is a point in this novel where the narrator decides to give up his diary, because “il faut choisir: vivre ou raconter” (you have to choose: live or write [about living]). I sometimes think similarly when I’m writing a blog post about a book I am writing. Wouldn’t it be better to be writing the book instead?

As for Stephen King, this week I thought about the writer character in The Shining, who’s supposed to be writing at the hotel but his wife eventually discovers that he’s just filled page after page with “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” and on a manual typewriter with many typos. I’m using my trusty, durable Lenovo desktop to write my biography of Sam, but that’s just it: I want to write the book and not procrastinate with or be distracted by sideshows. (Side note: viewers easily notice the typos as the writer’s wife looks at his typescript, but there’s an error in the main saying as well: it should be “make Jack a dull boy,” since there’s a plural subject with “work” and “play.”)

But that’s the negative way to look at things. The fact is that doing activities “around” the main activity that you are trying to accomplish can be helpful as inspiration or in order to get you into the right state of mind. Better to be blogging about writing a book about Sam than watching clips about car crashes on YouTube.

Choice, and especially choosing the right life, were perennial concerns for Sam. He published one novella in his life, Rasselas in 1759 just a few months before his 50th birthday, and he had told his publisher when he’d proposed the book that the title would be The Choice of Life (he changed his mind in the end, but the whole book is about making major and minor life choices). And when Sam was attending Oxford during 1728-1729 he came upon a book by William Law titled A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life, and later told Boswell that he expected “to find it a dull book (as such books generally are), and perhaps to laugh at it. But I found Law quite an overmatch for me; and this was the first occasion of my thinking in earnest of religion, after I became capable of rational inquiry.”

Sam’s life turned out the same way most of ours do. You make plans and choices, but sometimes life imposes a few choices on you, or hinders one that you really wanted, or you yourself just don’t manage to accomplish for whatever reason the ideal choice that you had wanted for your life.

Sam wanted to be a teacher, but his lack of a degree and his (as some students saw it) awkward manner in the classroom – doctors now think that he actually suffered from Tourette syndrome – hampered his success. And when he used his wife Tetty’s money to set up his own school, he just didn’t attract enough students. His first application to be a professional writer in London for The Gentleman’s Magazine was not even answered (though he later was hired to do hack work there and eventually got involved with better writing gigs once his talent was recognized). There was a time in my life when I thought the best job in the world would be being a professional football player (a linebacker), and then writing professionally in the off-season. That didn’t work out obviously, and a tiny part of me regrets that, but by far I’m happy with what I’ve accomplished and with what I am doing now as I head into retirement from a career as an academic librarian.

Sam’s famous biographer, James Boswell, suffered from either indecision or lack of application concerning what to to with his life. He had pressure from his father to become a lawyer (and he ultimately did) and to find a good wife, but certainly in his 20’s he applied himself more to cavorting with prostitutes and other ladies he managed to seduce than with the law or the search for a wife.

In one of the passages I do somewhat remember from one of Sartre’s unreadable novels (part of a trilogy he wrote called Les chemins de la liberté [The Roads to Freedom]), a man steps off the back of a slow-moving train, but then changes his mind and decides he wants to get back on. However, the train is moving faster now and he can’t manage it. For Sartre the key thing was what he called “l’engagement” (commitment), and that is indeed important. You can’t be continually choosing and then changing your mind, or you will end up as a senior who has not done much, or has only done a little of this and a little of that. “Pick a lane,” as the kids say. Choose something and give it your best.

For the many things that Sam fretted about in his life, he was not really indecisive. He never missed a single twice-weekly Rambler essay deadline in two full years. He produced a dictionary. An edition of Shakespeare’s plays. A series of biographies and introductions to poets. For sure, he procrastinated and sometimes complained, but he got them all done. I feel similarly about my biography. I may wish sometimes that I had more written by now, but unless Jesus calls me to his side this afternoon or a speeding Audi crumples over me next week, I know I will finish the book.

Wish me luck.

These are the spine and the title page of a copy of the first of two volumes of The Rambler that I recently purchased. As you can see, it’s in a bit beat-up condition and is really not worth much, but there are some nice curiosities. It was published in 1791, the same year that Boswell published his famous biography of Johnson (seven years after his death). And the previous owners include a reverend and a doctor, the latter of whom lived 1.5 km from where I am sitting right now.

Sam and Women

I had an email chat this week with another writer (a woman) who reminded me of one of Sam’s most famous and infamous utterances, in a conversation with Boswell: “Sir, a woman’s preaching is like a dog’s walking on his hinder legs. It is not done well; but you are surprized to find it done at all.” That was in 1763 when Sam was 53, and so it wasn’t the unconsidered opinion of a young man who didn’t know any better. These days such a statement would be condemned as sexist or even misogynistic, and the writer I was emailing with asked me about that. Do I consider Sam a misogynist? I don’t, and as she went on to point out, he is well known for his support of women writers during the century.

And it wasn’t for policy reasons or the effort to be politically correct (woke?) that he did so. As is proper, he simply didn’t take gender into consideration when judging the work of a writer. One of Sam’s great literary achievements, The Rambler, had ended about eleven years earlier after 208 twice-weekly essays. Sam had written all of them — except four, and three of those were written by women (one by Catherine Talbot and two by Elizabeth Carter). He treated women as equals just as he considered black people to be equal and slavery to be an abomination. Sam rescued one slave, Francis Barber, and employed him as a servant — and in fact he left most of his inheritance to Barber.

But he did have a bad habit of saying things about women which, taken out of context and out of time, kind of ring a bit differently in modern ears than they did in the 18th century. He also said of Elizabeth Carter, who beyond being a writer was also highly educated and informed in a wide range of disciplines and spoke several languages, that she “‘could make a pudding, as well as translate Epictetus from the Greek, and work a handkerchief as well as compose a poem.”

Oh, my.

Articles and books have of course been written about this topic, and in fact I’m in the process of reading one of the books: Dr Johnson’s Women by Norma Clarke. It has chapters on six women writers whom Sam respected and in some cases supported in their literary careers, and helps dispel a bit the caricature of Sam that his talk about preaching and pudding might tend to create.